Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certificates are digital certificates that are installed on web servers to establish a secure encrypted connection between the server and the user's web browser. These certificates are used to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of data transmissions on the Internet and to improve the security of online communications and transactions. They are a fundamental element for implementing Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) on websites.
The main functions and features of SSL certificates are:
- Encryption: SSL certificates use encryption algorithms to encrypt data as it travels between the web server and the user's browser. This ensures that sensitive information, such as login details, credit card details, and personal information, is protected from unauthorized access.
- Authentication: SSL certificates make it possible to verify the identity of the website operator. This gives users confidence in the authenticity of the site and helps prevent phishing and other scams.
- Data integrity: SSL certificates ensure the integrity of the transmitted data by ensuring that no unauthorized changes or manipulations are made during transmission.
- Trust: Web browsers show users that a website is secure when a valid SSL certificate is used. This is often indicated by a lock icon or the word “Safe” in the browser's address bar.
- Validation levels: There are different types of SSL certificates that have different levels of validation. The most common are Domain Validation (DV), Organization Validation (OV), and Advanced Validation (EV). The validation level influences what information about the certificate owner is displayed in the certificate details.
SSL certificates are issued by certificate authorities (CAs) and are available in various designs and price ranges. They have a limited period of validity, typically one year or more, and must be renewed after expiration.
Implementing SSL certificates on websites is now a best practice as it promotes user data security and website trustworthiness. In addition, the lack of an SSL certificate can result in warnings and a poorer ranking in search engines, as they encourage the prioritization of secure websites.
